Traction batteries consist of cells, each 2-volts. A certain number of cells, depending on the battery voltage, are installed in a isolated steel container. Inside each cell, there are positive plates, negative plates, and between these plates there are micro-porous separators. The connection of the cells are established by lead bridges or cables between the outlets of busbars, where the positive and negative plates are tied to each other separately.

Positive Plates: Trubular positive plates are used. The grids of positive plates are composed of bars, that can be in a various number. A gauntlet formed by tubes is slided over these bars. Then, the gauntlet is filled with active meterial.

Negative Plates : The grids are pasted with a specific active material and form the negative plates. Negative plates are specially designed to match the positive plate capacity.

Separators : Microporous separators, which are strong, flexible to heat, and acid resistant are used. Since the separatos are in a thin structure, they reduce the internal resistance.

•  Fork-lift and other industrial trucks
•  Train Lightning
•  Electric vehicles
•  Other silent traction power needs
•  Mine and tunnel locomotive 
•  Railway vehicles